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Mauritian tomb bat
The Mauritian tomb bat (''Taphozous mauritianus'') is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae that is found in central and southern Africa and Madagascar. It was discovered in 1818 by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and is characterized by an all-white ventral surface, grizzled dorsal coloration, and conical face. It has exceptionally good eyesight, a trait which is common in old world bats and enables it to find roosting locations. It has adapted itself to a wide range of habitats including subarid scrub to semi-tropical savanna and can be found throughout much of Africa south of the Sahara, including many of the surrounding islands. They often seek out refuge in cool dry areas. Mauritian tomb bats help control pest populations, including insects that carry human diseases. These bats tend to be nocturnal hunters and their normal prey consists of moths, butterflies, and termites. Not prone to large scale roosting, ''T. mauritianus'' is most often spotted on the sides of buildings or on the trunks of trees in groups of around five individuals. They breed on average once or twice a year and rear usually one pup, though twins are occasionally reported. They usually deposit their hungry offspring in areas where they can feed ferociously, most often in berry bushes. This species is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List due their wide distribution and stable population.
==Taxonomy and etymology==
The French naturalist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire identified the Mauritian tomb bat in 1818 when he compared the at the time unknown specimen to another newly described bat from Egypt, the Egyptian tomb bat. The Egyptian tomb bat (T''. perforatus'') is the same size as its Mauritian cousin but does not have the completely white belly that the latter possess.
The name "tomb" bat and the genus name ''Taphozous'' is derived from the Greek word for a tomb or grave. ''Mauritianus'' simply means "of Mauritius," where it was first discovered. Though the name would suggest a dark, closed-in habitat, the Mauritian tomb bat lives in a variety of environments and is not restricted tombs or caves. The term "tomb bat" was given because the genus is commonly seen on the walls of old tombs in their respective ranges.
Synonyms for the Mauritian tomb bat include ''Taphozous mauritianus'', ''T. leucopterus'', ''T. dobsoni'', and ''T. maritianus'' var. ''vinerascens''. The Afrikaans word for this species is ''witlyfvlermuis'', which refers to the white ventral surface that is characteristic of the species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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